A recent research found that artificial intelligence (AI) can play an important role in influencing people’s opinions in conspiracy theories, defying the long-held idea that it is nearly hard to change someone’s mind once they have acquired such views. The study, coordinated by Dr. Thomas Costello of American University, demonstrates that AI can promote critical thinking and persuade people to reevaluate their opinions through personalized, fact-based discussions.
Many conspiracy theories, such as bogus claims that the moon landings were staged or that Covid vaccinations contain microchips, have gained acceptance over time, frequently with negative effects. Conventional wisdom has long held that once someone accepts these notions, it is almost hard to persuade them otherwise, regardless of facts. However, this study provides a new perspective.
The researchers employed an artificial intelligence system named “DebunkBot” to interact with people who believed in conspiracy theories. In a series of tests involving 2,190 people, participants were asked to explain a conspiracy theory they believed in and the evidence supporting it. This data was then given into the AI, which utilized it to generate a tailored discourse that challenged the validity of their ideas.
The AI’s approach was based on its capacity to grasp what the participant thought and tailor its replies to meet those views directly. Dr. Costello clarified: “The AI knew in advance what the person believed and was able to tailor its persuasion to their precise belief system.”
Participants were asked to assess how likely they thought their conspiracy theory was before and after a three-round chat with the AI or about non-conspiracy matters. Those that discussed their conspiracy theory with the AI witnessed an average 20% decline in their opinion that it was real. This impact lasted for at least two months, with some individuals sustaining a lower belief level following the trial. Importantly, the AI was effective across a wide spectrum of conspiracy ideas, but it failed to persuade those who believed in authentic conspiracy theories.
Despite the excellent outcomes, several experts are concerned about applying this strategy in the real world. Professor Sander van der Linden of the University of Cambridge, who was not involved in the study, questioned whether individuals would deliberately interact with AI in this way outside of controlled settings. He also questioned if comparable outcomes would have occurred if participants had spoken with a person rather than an AI.
Nonetheless, the study emphasizes the potential for AI to play a role in countering disinformation. The researchers believe that artificial intelligence may be deployed on social media to reply to conspiracy theory posts and help curb the spread of misinformation.
This story is based on a research reported by The Guardian’s science writer, Nicola Davis. The original publication will appear in The Guardian on September 12, 2024. You can check out the full article here.
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